ELL Schools and Families Essay Example for Free

ELL Schools and Families Essay The population of English Language Learners (ELL) are increasing in educational institutions primarily influenced by globalization and immigration. It has been projected that within the coming years, the percentage of children attending educational institutions in the country shall be non-English speakers. The term ELL is brought about by the shift in the English language-learning paradigm that represents the trend in language acquisition. (Bank Street) The increasing population of ELL’s are putting pressures on the educational atmosphere as educational institutions are forced to alter their curriculum to accommodate the needs and concerns of the learners. (Abedi, 2002) Integrating a program for ELL’s in the school setting is a great challenge for the educational institution, the teacher, the learner, and one’s family. Teaching non-English speakers who are not able to both understand and speak the language is more difficult than teaching English speakers the rules of the language are, for instance. Challenges include the need for educational institutions to implement a curriculum that fits the requirements of the ELL’s. Teachers, on the other hand need to be aware of the appropriate techniques and strategies that would be efficient in the success of language accommodation and acculturation. For learners, engaging in an unfamiliar environment is not motivating them to eagerly learn. (Mercuri, 2003) To address the problems and concerns that ELL’s face in the learning environment, society looks to the involvement of the family in order to strengthen the school as an institution that fully supports English language learners. (Collier Thomas, 1999) Family involvement play a significant role during the learning process of ELL’s. According to a research conducted in order to determine guidelines that the No Child Left Behind Act shall implement, the involvement of family members to school activities such as programs that aims to promote development of academic standing and preparation for the next level of English language learning increases the chance of successes that a learner shall be able to accomplish. This is because families understand the needs and the difficulties of their children, and are also able to see their progress with regards to academics, pushing them to encourage, support, and value learning as an integral part of their children’s success. (Epstein, 2004) Moreover, it is the responsibility of the school to build a relationship with the family of the learner in order to inform them of the developmental stages and the changes that the children are going to experience, as they grow older. This particular knowledge gives families the idea of how to build a supportive home environment that boosts learning. This particular interaction between the school and the family allows the educational institution to understand the cultural background of families and determine their goals and objectives for their children when it comes to English language learning. (Epstein, 2004) Providing a supportive sociocultural environment is at the heart of tapping into the potential of ELL’s to benefit largely from the English language learning program. Interaction between the educational institution and the families contributes to this objective. Looking at their parents interact with the members of the educational institution motivates learners to build relationships with the institution as well, without any apprehensions as brought about by fear of cultural rejection. (Collier Thomas, 1999) An article written by Rhona Barton for the Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory discovers cases wherein active involvement of parents leads to academic success of the learners, especially in socially interacting within the school environment. (Barton, 2006) Educational institutions with English language learning programs do not necessarily implement the use of the English language at home, as decisions regarding the matter are based on cultural considerations. Schools should consider the importance of native language to ELL’s and their families. However, the continued use of English at home and the support of the family when it comes to home language speeds up the learning process, schools still acknowledge that the ELL’s are aware of language learning based on their knowledge of their native language. (Ortiz, 2001) Schools should also provide alternatives for families in order for them to adjust or cope with the changes that ELL affects within their family life. Schools should inform them of educational options such as tutorial services that are made available at home or in schools, support groups within the community that assists families in their needs and concerns regarding the issue of English language learning. Family counseling is also an option as it allows medical professionals to help in determining problems or obstacles that the family shall be facing, and strengthening family relationships in order to withstand the challenges of immersing into a community and cultural environment that they are not familiar with. For specific problems such as financial aspect of English language learning, the federal government entitles families to funding as authorized by the federal Title I funding program. (Ortiz, 2001) Partnership of educational institutions with families are best established through communication and social interaction. Schools should be able to develop and maintain a stable relationship with the families that is primarily grounded on the objective of affecting learning and making ELL’s experience success within the unfamiliar learning environment. Moreover, through this, schools are enriched and enlightened with the knowledge of different cultural backgrounds within the school environment and be able to modify the learning atmosphere to fit the culture, beliefs, and traditions of non-English speakers. Teachers should be able to communicate the needs and concerns of ELL’s to their families, in order for them to understand how they are going accommodate the needs of their children who are involved in English language learning. Schools should establish regular meetings with the teachers, and ask them to get involved with programs and school activities that harness English language learning and support the need of their children to learn the English language. If possible, home visitations are one of the best ways to establish a strong foundation of relationship between the school and the families. (Barton, 2006) References Abedia, J. (2002). â€Å"Assessment and Accommodation of English Language: Issues, Concerns, and Recommendations. † Retrieved May 1, 2008, from NCA Commission on Accreditation and School Improvement. Website: http://www. ncacasi. org/jsi/2002v3i1/assessment Bank Street. (2008). â€Å"English Language Learners: Working with Children Whom English is a New Language. † Retrieved May 1, 2008, from Bank Street. Website: http://www. bnkst. edu/literacyguide/ell. html Barton, R. (2006). â€Å"Forging Family Ties. † Retrieved May 2, 2008, from Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory. Website: http://www. nwrel. org/nwedu/11-03/forge/ Collier, V. P. Thomas, W. P. (1999). â€Å"Making U. S. Schools Effective for English Language Learners, Part 3. † TESOL Matters, Vol. 9, No. 6. Retrieved May 1, 2008, from TESOL. Website: http://www. tesol. org/s_tesol/sec_document. asp? CID=196DID=826 Epstein, J. (2004). â€Å"Meeting NCLB Requirements for Family Involvement. † Middle Ground, Vol. 4, No. 3. Retrieved May 1, 2008, from National Middle School Association. Website: http://www. nmsa. org/portals/0/pdf/publications/On_Target/family_involvement/family_9. pdf Mercuri, S. (2003). â€Å"Helping Middle and High School Age English Language Learners Achieve Academic Success. † NABE Journal of Research and Practice. Retrieved May 1, 2008. Website: http://www. uc. edu/njrp/pdfs/freeman. pdf Ortiz, A. (2001). â€Å"English Language Learners With Special Needs: Effective Instructional Strategies. † Retrieved May 2, 2008, from CAL. Website:

Economy Of Russia :: essays research papers

The phase in the business cycle that Russia is in is Prosperity. Prosperity is the high point of the business cycle. The Gross Domestic Product is 796 billion dollars. Russia is partners with Germany in exporting and importing. The number of imports is 33 billion and the number of exports are 66 billion. The National Budget is 56.6 billion dollars. They have 1 radio per 2.9 people. They also have 1 Telephone per 5.9 people. Russia’s education is free and compulsory through ages 7 to 17. The unemployment rate is 8 percent. The inflation rate is 85 percent and possibly more if monetary policy is relaxed. Russia was mostly an agricultural country until the late 19th century, when industrialization began, in European Russia. Economic development was then interrupted by World War 1 and the Civil War that followed. Modern development was initiated by Stalin, whose frantic industrialization drive in the 1930’s made the Soviet Union an industrial giant. Under Stalin and his successors, the less settled frontier regions of Central Asia and Siberia were developed. Several of the world’s largest dams were built on in the former Soviet Union, and the world’s first atomic station was opened in 1954. By the 1980’s about 40 nuclear reactors were operating in the Soviet Union. In the late 1970’s the economic backwardness of the Soviet Union had become so self evident that no amount of political propaganda could obscure it. Western developed countries began to enter the Information Age, introducing new communication technologies and electronic links among institutions and individuals. The Soviet Union still relied on the rigid planning and pervasive controls, leaving no room for initiative and inventiveness. When Mikhail Gorbachev became head of the party in 1985, the huge country began to move. Gorbachev surrounded himself with a number of reform-minded economists and soon formulated the main pillars of economic restructuring called perestroika. The major goals of perestrioka were to make Soviet enterprises more self-governing and to give them more freedom, while at the same time, more responsibility for their performance. In the planned economy before perestroika, all enterprises were totally dependent on central planners, who determined where to buy materials, what to produce, and where to sell it. This system encouraged inefficiency, because the companies did not have to compete with any other companies.

Dealing With Physical Abuse

The Struggle Physical Abuse Brings People all around the world have suffered from being abused verbally and physically, causing a struggle because they don’t know how to handle these types of situations. In the short story Runaways by Karen Brennan, the main character Lou is physically abused by her husband, which leads Lou to run away, causing problems between friends and family. What are you without loved ones? When you really care about someone you will give an arm and a leg for him or her but once they cross a line they shouldn’t, it feels like the world is supposed to end.In Lou’s situation this is exactly what happened to her. She gave her entire life to her husband and her children. Unfortunately her husband didn’t care about her feelings and cared more about what he wanted than what would keep her happy. Physical abuse in a relationship is a key factor of failing marriages. Lack of communication can lead to physical abuse. Throughout the time that Lou and her husband have been married, they have been through a lot. One thing that might have started all their arguing besides his drinking problem may be that they â€Å"have difficulty talking to each other†(Brennan,501).Lou states, â€Å"My husband didn’t always beat me. In the beginning he was just irresponsible. I could live with that. He drank too much and in the worst times he drove too fast with the babies in the car†(Brennan,501). Lou’s husband beats her so often, she is afraid to go to sleep. When her husband was drunk he became a whole different person, â€Å"he was a maniac when he was drunk†(Brennan,501). â€Å"Its unfair the advantage that men have†(Brennan,501) because woman should be able to stand up for themselves without worrying about what the guys reaction will be.Lou is a woman who will put others before herself. She is a mother of four children and wants everyone happy. For instance, a lot of mothers’ first rea ction to their children crying is to beat them and tell them to â€Å"stop whining†. Lou has been beaten by someone she truly loves so why would she want to beat four people she loves unconditionally, her children. Lou states, â€Å"I am not one of those mothers who turns around in the car and swats the kids on the legs and tells them to shut up. I have never believed in that. When they whined, I told stories.I told them about a family who sailed away in an orange balloon†(Brennan,501). Lou had hit her breaking point and had to runaway from her problems. But is running away the answer? Often people who are physically abused turn around and abuse others. For Lou, it was a different story. She was not a young adult who abused her children because her husband abused her. Many people take their anger out on others because it is a way to make themselves feel better. Lou possibly could have felt pressure to raise her four children with her husband being involved.Lou was stro ng enough and didn’t stay in an abusive relationship just for the children because she knew leaving was the best decision for her at the time. Through all the ups and downs Lou went through with her husband in the end she felt like she was left with nothing. â€Å"a woman without a husband is like an ocean without a sea†(Brennan,500). Its hard being happy if you don’t have the people you cherish most in your life around you. A person can struggle with a bunch of emotions and if you don’t have the support of people that care about you, the situation gets a lot harder.When you are surrounded with people that want the best for you, then you will get though your struggles with someone by your side, not alone. I personally know someone who went through something very similar from what Lou went through. My cousin who is now 25 years old has been dealing with family problems ever since she was about 10 years old. I have heard all these stories about my cousin an d her family from my parents. I was always curious and wanted to know what was happening but it was not my place to ask questions because it might be a sensitive topic for her.Her father was a heavy drinker which caused him to be very angry not only friend friends but especially with his family. My cousin Kelley was the youngest of the two kids. She has an older sister who was 4 years older than she is. Night after night her father kept drinking excessively. The family knew what was coming along with his drinking, his anger. One night it got really bad, he yelled at Kelley for the littlest things, things that were not even a big deal. One time, she didn’t wash her plate after dinner because she was too tired and wanted to go to bed.He became highly upset and rushed into her bedroom, slapped her, and told her to get up and clean her plate. Each day he got worse and worse. After a couple years went by Kelley, her mom, and he sister could no longer handle him and his drinking pr oblem. They moved out when he was at work so he could not say anything about it. The girls moved far away and did not tell anyone where they were going because they did not want their father to find out. They knew he would make a big deal about it. Three girls living on their own trying to survive must have been hard.Having a main man in their life was their leading factor to surviving. Without her dad paying for everything and supplying for the family, it’s difficult for the girls. Somehow her father found out where they were and made them come back. They decided to give their father one more chance, thinking that things would be different but they only got worse. He thought they would leave him again so he tried to be more protective which only caused his anger to be worse than it already was. As Kelley matured throughout the years she realized she no longer wanted to have her dad in her life at all so she lost all contact with him.She got her own apartment and did almost a ll her daily actives on her own. After everything that happened with her dad, she didn’t want to depend on anyone else but herself. This made it difficult for Kelley to keep close friendships with her girlfriends because after her father, she thought that everyone she truly cared about would let her down like he did. Kelley’s fear of having to abandon ones she love caused her to have little friends. She was afraid to trust anyone at all because she believed that friendships and relationships don’t last forever.Later when Kelley became a young adult she realized that she could not go on any longer not having her father in her life and having little friends that she can count on. Being on your own is tough. So Kelley allowed her father to re enter her life but not fully be involved 100%. She realized although she had been through a lot over the years, having her dad around again was exactly what she needed to be happy again. As the years go on, you find out who yo u need in your life and who you would be okay without. I thought that Lou and my cousin Kelley’s story were similar due to running away from their problems.Although Lou was physically abused and Kelley was verbally abused their problems with the men in their lives bring their two stories together. Not having a close relationship with someone who means the world to you has to be really hard. Especially for Kelley, being so young and thinking you dad would be someone you would look up to as the years went on. Her father ended up being someone she never thought he would be, which had to of been beyond upsetting. As for Lou, the man who has been the love of her life for years now and has children who look up to him is not the type of father they though he was going to be.Its hard putting all your effort into someone and believing they are going to give their best to you and then be let down. Being let down is very hurtful and can cause someone a lot of pain, for instance Lou and Kelley. Although Lou and Kelley did not end with the same feelings at the end of both of their stories they still dealt with the same process. Work Cited Alvarado, Beth, Barbara Cully, and Michael Robinson. â€Å"Runaways. † Writing as Revision. Boston, MA. : Pearson Custom Pub. , 2003. 499-509. Print.

An Interpretation Of Religion By David Nah - 865 Words

â€Å"I want to say that the noumenal Real is experienced and thought by different human mentalities, forming and formed by different religious traditions.† - John Hick In â€Å"An Interpretation of Religion† Hick argues how all religions are ambiguously and culturally designed to answer all of life’s questions. A renowned theologian, philosopher and religious pluralist, Hick firmly agrees world religions are diverse paths to meet the â€Å"Real† or â€Å"Truth†. David Nah’s Christian Theology and Religious Pluralism: A Critical Evaluation of John Hick criticizes Hick’s hypothesis discusses how the Christian theology uniquely differs from world religions. The New Age generation has made religious pluralism a pivotal acknowledgement for society as it continues to omit the fundamental factors of the Christian doctrine, an evident study that already answers life’s toughest questions. The world’s most commonly followed religions its path to truth consists: †¢ Hinduism: Universally viewed as a polytheistic religion and one of the oldest. Its 900 million followers’ spiritual goal is to merge as one with Brahma, its supreme God. This achievement is through reincarnation determined on karma, depending ones past deeds coinciding to one’s future. †¢ Buddhism: One of the most leading beliefs in the Sinic world. Its founder, Siddhartha Gautama, discovered the reach of Enlightenment by the Four Noble Truths: to live means to suffer, the affliction causes passion, the ability to end affliction

The Solution Essay - 1494 Words

The Solution The business man behind a desk, the scientist in the lab, the artist approaching his canvas, the mathematician examining the symbols he placed on the blackboard--the thoughts going through each of their heads are very different in many ways, yet amazingly similar. For example, the business man must come up with an idea to cut costs and increase revenue for his company. He must find a creative twist to an old idea, a new combination of numbers that allows the company to increase profit and drop costs. Yet this man strays from the numbers and thinks in images, and during the brief moment before the creative act his consciousness seems to play absolutely no role. Often times we must get away from the†¦show more content†¦They were concentrating on how to get the top of the truck away from the top of the tunnel so that the truck could pass. This is a very complicated problem: the top of the truck is metal and does not give easily, meanwhile the tunnel is concrete and solid as well. The engineers might have figured out the force necessary to push the truck out of the tunnel, but this would involve a bulldozer or tow truck. Both would be hindered by the traffic and would take time. There are many factors besides just the force necessary to push the truck that affect the solution, with the most important factors being time and the inability to destroy the truck or the tunnel. The girl succeeded with limited knowledge of physics and without destroying the truck or the tunnel. The girl saw that the truck had to get away from the top of the tunnel, but she understood that this was the same as making the truck get closer to the ground. This is simple and only requires some modification of the tires. What had started out as a complicated problem ended up being very simple. The girl had no background in Physics or measurements, so she relied on what she knew. She could visualize the air being released from the tires, the truck driving through the tunnel, and her going home. Her lack of knowledge assisted her in solving the problem by keeping her away from the symbols and numbers. I remember a lesson I had onceShow MoreRelatedThe Concentration Of A Solution1877 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction: Concentration of a solution can be defined as the amount of the solute in a fixed amount of a solvent or a solution. Concentration can be expressed in many different ways. A few of them are: percent composition, parts per million, parts per billion, molarity, molality, normality and formality. The most commonly used is the molarity, which is defined as the number of moles of solute present in one litre of the solution. 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Reserve Police Battalion 101 Essay - 1089 Words

Motivations of the Mass Murders Throughout Hitler’s reign over Germany there was an agenda that existed which led to murders of a great number of innocent people. The agenda was the extermination of Jews from Germany so that Germany could become a pure country in terms of ethnicity. It was Hitler’s idea but he only gave the orders while the SS and the Order Police carried out the orders. One group of people that helped carry out this idea of judenfrei or Jew free Germany was the Reserve Police Battalion 101. The men who made up this group were regular men that had come from a variety of careers. Most the men volunteered because the immunity that they would receive from â€Å"conscription into the army† once the volunteers had become part of†¦show more content†¦Browning, in his book Ordinary men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the final solution in Poland, most of the interviewees seem to have a mindset that the killings were wrong but they needed to follow orders. Their attitude wa s that it was necessary to carry out the orders even though the orders may not have seemed morally or ethically right. The reason the battalion obeyed the orders is because it came from the authorities who had instilled the fear of repercussions in the Reserves and took advantage of the men’s obedience to authority. A quote from Trapp sums up the mindset perfectly when he said, â€Å"man†¦ such jobs don’t suit me but orders are orders.† If not out of obedience then what else motivated the men to carry out the orders which led to them becoming mass murderers? Conformity was another motivation for the men of Battalion 101 to commit the mass murders. Before the first mission General Trapp gave the men the option to step forward if they didn’t want to partake in the killings. However, at first only one man stepped forward and then â€Å"some ten or twelve men† quickly followed him. When given the option why did so few men step forward and refuse t o kill unarmed people? The reason is that the men had â€Å"the strong urge not to separate themselves from the group† because they were scared of how their comrades would have viewed them had they stepped forward. Stepping forward was seen as â€Å"leaving one’s comrades and admitting that one wasShow MoreRelatedOrdinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland866 Words   |  3 Pages Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland tells the story of Battalion 101, a group of 500 policemen in their 30’s and 40’s who were sent into Poland to participate in a ‘special action’ without being told exactly what they are doing. Overtime they realized their mission is to Kill Jews and racially purify Europe. Most of the killing during this period of mass murder took place in Poland. Battalion 101 together with other Order Police battalions contributed toRead MoreChoices: Christopher Brownings Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland1135 Words   |  5 Pagesthe consequences, even if that person does not know what the consequences are. In Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland by Christopher Browning the men of the battalion are faced with many options during their time in the battalion. Choices that include killing Jews in a firing squad to transporting Jews to Concentration Camps. Most of the men in the battalion were hesitant at first but soon gave in to the tasks they were given. Many of them were ordinaryRead MoreOrdinary Men Essay935 Words   |  4 PagesChristopher R. Browning’s â€Å"Ordinary Men† chronicles the rise and fall of the Reserve Police Battalion 101. The battalion was one of several units that took part in the Final Solution to the Jewish Question while in Poland. The men of Reserve Police Battalion 101, and other units were comprised of ordinary men, from ordi nary backgrounds living under the Third Reich. Browning’s premise for the book is very unique, instead of focusing on number of victims, it examines the mindset of how ordinary menRead MoreOrdinary Men Book Review Essay976 Words   |  4 PagesOrdinary Men Christopher Browning describes how the Reserve Police Battalion 101, like the rest of German society, was immersed in a flood of racist and anti-Semitic propaganda. Browning describes how the Order Police provided indoctrination both in basic training and as an ongoing practice within each unit. Many of the members were not prepared for the killing of Jews. The author examines the reasons some of the police members did not shoot. The physiological effect of isolation, rejection, andRead MoreThe Ordinary Men of the Holocaust1075 Words   |  5 Pagesmurder of Jews by the Nazi’s, most are unaware that the people behind the atrocities of the Holocaust came from all over Europe and a wide variety of backgrounds. Art Spiegelman’s Maus: a Survivor’s Tale, Christopher Browning’s Ordinary Men: Reserve Battalion 101 and the Final Solution, and Jan Gross’s Neighbors: The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedbwabne, Poland, all provides a different persp ective on how ordinary people felt about their experiences in the Holocaust both perpetrators andRead MoreEssay Ordinary Men by Christopher Browning1256 Words   |  6 Pagesunit of middle-aged reserve policemen became active participants in the slaughter of tens of thousands of Polish Jews. Reserve Police Battalion 101 was made up of approximately 500 men most from working and lower-middle-class neighborhoods in Hamburg Germany. They were police reservists, not trained in combat, some of whom worked with and had been friendly with Jews before the war. Major Wilhelm Trapp, a WWI veteran and career police officer headed the battalion. On July 13, 1942Read MoreChristopher Browning s Ordinary Men1241 Words   |  5 PagesMen: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland. Ordinary Men admired all around the world by many individuals and gives a detailed story about the reserve police battalion during the 1940s. In Christopher Browning’s book, Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland, he explains to us all about his study of German Order Police Reserve Unit 101 and their experiences during the Holocaust. During the time of the Holocaust, Reserve Unit 101 committedRead More Ordinary Men by Browning Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesBrowning The men of Reserve Police Battalion 101 were just ordinary men, from a variety of backgrounds, education, and age. It would appear that they were not selected by any force other than random chance. Their backgrounds and upbringing, however, did little to prepare these men for the horrors they were to witness and participate in. The group was made up of both citizens and career policemen. Major Wilhelm Trapp, a career policeman and World War I veteran headed the battalion. Trapp joined theRead MoreAuthor Christopher Browning867 Words   |  3 Pagespolish village of Jozefow. The book tells us the story of normal working family men of the Reserve Police Battalion 101 who were commission into carrying out horrific crimes and mass killings on Polish Jews. The main characters in the book are, Captain Wolfgan Haoffmann and Julius Wohlauf, Lieutennat Hartwig Gnade and Major Wilheln Trapp who was known by his men as â€Å"Papa Trapp† he is the commander of the Reserve 101 and was a protector for his men. The members were from a variety of ages and differentRead MoreAnalysis Of Christopher R. Brownings Ordinary Men1315 Words   |  6 PagesChristopher R. Browning’s book, Ordinary Men, is a microhistory of the Holocaust that focuses in on the Reserve Police Battalion 101. The books main purpose is to persuade the reader how ordinary middle-aged men could become the professional killers leading to horrible massacres. In the preface to his book, Browning makes the following comment about the men of the Reserve Police Battalion 101, â€Å"Never before had I encountered the issue of choice so dramatically framed by the course of events† (Browning

Case Study Calgary Oil Shale Technologies Inc

Question: Case Study on Calgary Oil Shale Technologies Inc. Answer: Introduction Motivation, leadership, and team building are interlinked with each other in determining the business practices. According to Burke and Barron (2014), team motivation is one of the most significant challenges that are associated with many of the changing parameters. The leaders need to keep the focus on maintaining productivity and engage the workers to bring out the skilled outcomes of their performance (Schoemaker, Krupp and Howland 2013). The leaders are appointed to be focused on some changes related to the workplace climate, looming deadlines of the project, and assigned tasks (Lord, Hall and Halpin 2012). The skilled leadership requires the adoption of such qualities to deal with these challenges and maintain the team cooperation through motivating the members. The study is focusing on a case based on the maximisation of oil recovery system by Calgary Oil Shale Technology Inc. The concentration on the problem will be associated with the theoretical perspectives related to the m anagement practices and will be evaluated accordingly. Background of the Case Study The case study is reflecting the maximization of the oil recovery by Calgary Oil Shale Technologies Inc., which is a subsidiary of an international oilfield services. The company provides the data management system and necessary technologies to maximize the oil recovery In Colorado, Alberta, and Utah. The major problem was found in undertaking such oil recovery process is the conflict between the labourers and the scientists. The company usually appoints the highly trained professionals like geophysicists, geologists, and engineers to deal with these advanced technologies. There are three major functional groups associated with the operational activities of Calgary Oil Shale Technologies Inc. these three groups are operations, equipment maintenance people, and below ground. Many of the articles are published in regards to the conflicts between these groups associated with the business operational activities. The identification of the exact issue is the conflicts between these groups due to the diversified expertises and experiences (Jordan, Healey and Leahy 2016). The lack of communication is also one of the significant reasons behind the occurrence of such situational crisis. Moreover, Algoma Howard believes that this type of the conflicts can only be managed by Debrito, who is a skilled employee of the company. It is much required to build the team efficiency by managing the conflicts and adopting the effective leadership skills. Hence, Debrito can apply the efficient leadership attributes to motivate the employees and formulate the team. The case study based questions will be determining the theoretical application to rectify such issues and establish the skilled procedure of maintaining the organisational activities. Fireside chats and problem-busting teams In recognising the potential issues associated in this case study, it has been seen that the conflicts between the diversified groups are much foreseen. The conflict resolution has been considering the frequent communications between the groups and the higher management. The fireside chats is considering the arrangements of optional meetings where all the employees will take part (Schoemaker, Krupp and Howland 2013). The meeting shall be organised in the cafeteria on late afternoon. The major objective to arrange such meeting is to engage the employees to sit back in a relax mood and discuss the actual problems that have been faced by them (Prenzel and Vanclay 2014). In the first stage, the discussion should be based on the requirements of their group and the difficulties they have been facing while communicating and dealing with other groups (Dyer and Dyer 2013). In the second stage of discussion, the employees need to follow the guidelines where it is stated, Focus on the issue, no t the person. The final stage would be determining the discussions based on the way of resolving the problems. The recognition of these stages is essentially needed to identify and resolve the situational crisis (Riener and Wiederhold 2016). It is also to be noted that the stages included in this meetings would be linked in the next step, while formulating the problem-busting team. On the other hand, the problem-busting team is specifying another process of resolving the issues occurred between the three groups in Calgary Oil Shale Technologies Inc. This team is generally created depending on the participants who are willing to participate in Fireside Chats. The formulation of this particular team is considering the temporary involvement of the people to identify the exact issues related to the groups (Montgomery 2012). As per this case study, it has been seen that the three functional groups, such as operations, equipment maintenance people, and below ground are associated with the diversified hierarchy system. One leader is appointed as the first line supervisor and the person is trained in building up a team (Halperin 2013). This particular process includes three more stages. In the first stage, the discussion takes place regarding the maintenance of the responsibilities and decision making process with the lower level of the employees (Song et al. 2013). Th e next stage considers identification of the problem and enhancements of the commitment level within the group. Another stage is determining the associations of the groups to focus on the chronic problem considering the process leads to success (Hurlburt et al. 2014). The final stage is establishing permanent workforce by organising the cross-functional teams. Leadership Roles and Leadership Approaches As per this case study, it has been seen that Debrito undertook Socio-emotional role to achieve the success related to the team-based activities. Debrito spent almost 26 years in COST as in line staff. He possesses enormous knowledge based on encouraging the team members, harmonizing the group, especially when the conflicts appear. Moreover, he looks after reducing the stress level by providing enough supports to the team members and following the justified and relevant ideas that will enhance the productivity of the team. As defined by Mole, Baldock and North (2013), the socio-emotional leader is much concerned with focusing on the imporvment of group morale and by reducing tensions, mediating in arguments, and settling the disagreements. It has been seen that Debrito has the capability of managing such conflicts and improving the morale more significantly. In fact, it is also much important to select a proper leadership attribute to deal with such situational circumstances (Ilgen 2 014). Hence, the selection of socio-emotional leadership skill is quite justified in this case. It is to be noted that in this emerging scenario of conflicts among the groups need clear vision and more interactive sessions. Hence, the justified selection of proper leadership approaches is essentially needed to manage such circumstances (Foss and Lindenberg 2012). In managing such conflict based scenario, Debrito has kept his concentration on maintaining the interactive or participative leadership style by considering contingency approach. It is to be indicated that the leadership style adopted by him is specifically characterized through the acceptable values. The signified values indicate the collaborations, inclusion, caring, and team building aspects (Barsky 2014). The approach signifies the leadership trait of a leader who usually shares the ideas with the subordinates before making any relevant decision regarding the organisational practices (Hu and Liden 2015). The participative method is considering the assimilations of the people in the group and participation in a grou p-based conversation. The suggestions derived from them would be beneficial for undertaking the relevant decision related to the organisational welfare. In fact, the frequent conversation and communication resolve the conflicts. Algoma Howard believed that if Debrito would be there in Colorado, it would have been better to resolve the problem sooner. The idea is quite impressive and justified. Having a partner like Debrito would be beneficial for achieving the organisational success by eliminating the situational conflicts among the groups. It is noticed that Debrito has been playing the key role in the horizontal team structure during the arrangements of the group meetings. According to Hon and Chan (2013), the Horizontal Team is formulated with the employees who belong to groups of diversified expertises and skills. This group maintains the similar hierarchal level while performing any organisational tasks, but people associated in this group signify the diversified skilled and their experiences (Hon and Chan 2013). Hence, while these people would be associated together, it would enhance the team efficiency and diversified background people would be able to communicate with each other. The increasing level of the communication is quite helpful in making the participative decisions and team engagement. In fact, it is to be stated, the employees get to know the perceptions of others in a significant manner (Crowfoot and Wondolleck 2012). Hence, the proper communication or interaction with each other is necessary to minimise the conflicts and enhance the work productivity. Since, Debrito can follow such procedure in an effective way; it would be easier for him to deal with such crucial condition. Recommendation for improving the organisational scenario The above discussion has been reflecting the situational conflict occurred among the groups associated with the organisational activities. In keeping the focus on the situations, some of the suitable recommendations are needed to be raised. Firstly, it is important to facilitate some of the changes in the organisational practices. These recommendations are discussed further: 1) The first initiative needs to consider the realistic talk with the top management to inform that the team efficiencies will be increased if the members will be monitored more significantly. However, it is to be indicated that each of the situations need the close concentration on the issue to eliminate the contradictory factors. Determining these concerns, each of the situations will be resolved by the application of diversified approaches. 2) Depending on one person is not justified in determining the organisational practices. It is possible that the company will not get a skilled worker like Debrito every time of needs. In such situation, the company will require other people with the similar leadership attributes. The person needs to be skilled with the team communication and interactions. The leader happens to be skilled with the transparent communication skills to identify the underlying issues. This specified attribute of the leader would be helpful for the team members to gain recognition sooner than the expectations. 3) Another most prominent aspect of resolving such conflict situation is related to the arrangements of the fire chats. It is to be suggested that while arranging the fire chats, the leaders should not persuade the employees to participate and make the full attendance. The arrangements of fire chats should be free from compulsory attendance. If the employees feel that they are persuaded to attend such meetings, the voluntary purposes will be refused and accordingly, the problems will remain the same. The purpose of the meeting is to gather the employees and interact with them to identify the exact occurrence of the issues. If they will be forced to attend the meeting, they might feel hesitated to communicate about the issues they have been facing with other groups. The general interactive session would b helpful in such circumstances. The application of such recommendation would be beneficial for considering the establishment of the skilled leadership traits and resolving the conflicts. More specifically, it can be inferred that the establishing the transparent communicational activities is necessary to recognise the underlying issues faced by the employees in different groups. The maintenance of such structured procedure would also help in understanding the current scenario of the organisation more clearly. The specified process will lead towards achieving the pre-determined objectives as well. Conclusion The study has been focusing on the situational conflicts occurred between the group communication in Calgary Oil Shale Technologies Inc. The identification of the issue is needed to be monitored at the initial stage. The group discussion through arranging team meetings and interacting with the team members would be beneficial. It is to be indicated that the effective leadership skills are required for managing the teams and motivating them to resolve the emerging conflicts. The transparent communications are essential to recognise the underpinning issues, which may affect the organisational scenario as well as the productivity. However, the interactive session thus would be beneficial and can eliminate the situation crisis. 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